A "
virtual parliament" is a proposed lawmaking institution that is convened via the
internet. Effectively, an
online legislature. At this time, no existing government has taken this step, but some academics are increasing pressure to do so at least as an experiment.
[+] advocacy
"..there is now a need for the creation of an online democratic space that is open to all and connected to real democratic institutions. The upkeep of a
civic commons in cyberspace needs to become a matter of
public service rather like the protection of fair election
?s. Trusted spaces will not emerge spontaneously or without effort... To speak of a trusted civic space on the Internet suggests...a place for distance learning
?… the online environment also needs to provide, for the civilizing activities of discuss
?ing,
voting, explain
?ing,
arguing, disagree
?ing, reaching
consensus.”
- Professor Stephen Coleman
?, Cisco Visiting Professor of
e-Democracy at the Oxford Internet Institute
?
By contrast, those experts with direct experience in actual online service and software development, tend to be markedly more pessimistic, e.g. Jason Kitcat
?,
Craig Hubley. Most of these flatly state that decisions reached in such a fashion without live meeting
?s or means of outreach
? that permit traditional forms of interference or objection, are inherently undemocratic and will necessarily always fail. There are parallel objections to virtual community
? also.
The belief in
virtual parliament seems to be confined to the technologically incapable. In these respects it seems to resemble the belief in artificial intelligence
?.
[-] issue: is an online replacement for civic places desirable?
Can a
civic commons exist that is not a
civic place? That is, that is ultimately not reducible to a single place that people can go to state or restate or object to decisions or options, like a real parliament
?'s buildings?
argument for: such an institution cannot satisfy the difficult requirements of
rootedness,
legality and
diversity and reflect real concerns of physically real people.
- counter-argument: existing parliments are already virtual for almost all users, in that they exist mainly inside television screens, having some feedback means they have at least potential to become more rooted than they are
- counter-argument: the problem was the move from live meetings with feedback to mass media? - going further in the wrong direction is not a solution, Internet as mass media is not necessarily any better
argument for: Decisions reached in such a fashion without live meeting
?s or means of outreach
? that permit traditional forms of interference or objection, are inherently undemocratic and will necessarily always fail.
- counter-argument: this argument assumes that traditional forms of physical interference are effective and that more effective equivalent means would not evolve in the new environment, e.g. anonymous trolls
argument for: the
diversity of real-body concerns of real people, cannot be codified, symbolized and represented in any such forum - they simply must show up and be counted
argument for: there remains a digital divide
? that prevents the poor or those who lack literacy
? or
education from participating
argument for: some technical barrier
?s will always remain that are not there for paper ballot
?s and raised hand
?s
[+] position: no - any "virtual" parliament lacks legality
argument for: the thousand years of tradition of parliament
?s includes many extremely specific provisions that cannot be altered without some chaotic side effects, e.g. budget speech
?es taking place outside
legislatures
argument against: this is easily remedied by an omnibus bill
? to radically alter the entire parliamentary system
- counter-argument: even such a bill could result in a revolt or chaotic side effects
[+] position: yes - virtual parliaments can provide all features and controls of existing paliaments, plus many more.
There is no significant feature of a brick, mortar and flesh parliament that cannot be provided virtually.
argument against: pheromone
?s, pupil dilation
?, tone of voice
?, intrusions on personal space
? all tend to signal emotional states far more accurately than words
Internet voting
?, Diebold Election Systems
?,
direct democracy,
deliberative democracy, paper ballot
?, paper trail
?, audit software
?,
Internet as mass media
sources and resources
The Virtual Parliament of the Americas